Ecg interpretation

 ECG 

1. Normal Sinus Rhythm

 • Rate: 60–100 bpm

 • Rhythm: Regular

 • P waves: Present, one before each QRS

 • QRS: Normal width

 • Interpretation: This is the baseline healthy heart rhythm.

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2. Sinus Bradycardia

 • Rate: <60 bpm

 • Rhythm: Regular

 • P waves: Present, one before each QRS

 • QRS: Normal

 • Interpretation: Normal in athletes or during sleep; may need treatment if symptomatic.

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3. Sinus Tachycardia

 • Rate: >100 bpm

 • Rhythm: Regular

 • P waves: Present

 • QRS: Normal

 • Interpretation: Can be due to exercise, fever, pain, or shock.

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4. Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)

 • Rate: Variable

 • Rhythm: Irregularly irregular

 • P waves: Absent (replaced by fibrillatory waves)

 • QRS: Normal

 • Interpretation: Risk of stroke due to atrial clot formation; may need anticoagulation.

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5. Atrial Flutter

 • Rate: Atrial rate ~250–350 bpm

 • Rhythm: Regular or irregular

 • P waves: “Sawtooth” flutter waves

 • QRS: Normal

 • Interpretation: Often occurs in bursts; can convert to sinus rhythm or AFib.

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6. Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

 • Rate: 150–250 bpm

 • Rhythm: Regular

 • P waves: Often hidden in QRS

 • QRS: Narrow

 • Interpretation: Sudden onset and termination; may respond to vagal maneuvers or adenosine.

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7. Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)

 • Rhythm: Irregular due to early beats

 • P waves: Early and abnormally shaped

 • QRS: Normal

 • Interpretation: Often benign; may indicate atrial irritability.

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8. Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)

 • Rhythm: Irregular with early wide beats

 • P waves: Absent before PVC

 • QRS: Wide and bizarre

 • Interpretation: Can be benign or a sign of underlying heart disease if frequent.

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9. Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)

 • Rate: 100–250 bpm

 • Rhythm: Regular

 • P waves: Often absent or dissociated

 • QRS: Wide

 • Interpretation: Life-threatening; may need immediate cardioversion or defibrillation.

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10. Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib)

 • Rhythm: Chaotic, no organized electrical activity

 • P waves/QRS: None identifiable

 • Interpretation: Cardiac arrest; requires immediate defibrillation.